By HE WEI and WEI TIAN ( China Daily)
Editor's Note: The Shanghai Free Trade Zone, a pilot project approved by the StateCouncil, is expected to pave the way for China's business hub to become one of theworld's leading financial, trade and logistics centers. China Daily will publish a seriesof stories to keep our readers updated about the policies and development of thefree trade zone.
Several decades of carefully planned development have transformed Shanghai from anindustrial dinosaur filled with smoke stacks into a modern service powerhouse adorned withgleaming high-rises full of banks, multinational enterprises and large trading houses.
The city has spared no effort in expanding its infrastructure, including a complex highwaynetwork, subway system, new railway terminals, two airports and a deep-water sea port.Moreover, it has magnetized talented workers from around the country with an abundance ofwell-paying jobs in the growing services sector.
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Adding one higher tower across the Bund, the 125-story Shanghai Tower. So will the FTZ bringShanghai's reform and opening up to a higher level. zhou dongchao / for china daily
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This sector now accounts for 61 percent of the city's economic output and provides its majorgrowth impetus.
But Shanghai has even grander plans in store: specifically, the building of a 28 squarekilometer free trade zone, which was made known to the public last year. The plan has taken ona new sense of urgency since it was approved by the State Council in June.
Although details have yet to be disclosed, pundits expect it to follow roughly the same blueprintas similar zones in Hong Kong and Singapore.
The plan has broader ramifications than its immediate impact on businesses operating inShanghai, as it is widely seen as a precursor to economic restructuring and financial reform ona national level.
The Shanghai free trade zone project is seen as a testing ground for a series of policy-basedchanges that are deemed necessary to facilitate sustainable economic growth.

Tasks
The
projected rewards are huge, but the challenges are daunting.
Shanghai has embarked on building itself into a global financial center while moving torestructure its economy amid a climate of slower growth. However, it is hampered by its financialstructure, regulatory environment and a prevailing sense of bureaucratic inertia.
Although the Chinese economy has seen a slight revival in recent months, two straight years ofmoderate growth set against a background of strict policy controls have threatened to derailthe push to move in ambitious new directions.
As such, the free trade zone may serve as the city's white knight. While details remain vague,analysts believe the zone will become a catalyst to bolster the city's development and spurinnovation.
Shanghai's economic output has fallen below the national average since early 2011, when localauthorities vowed to move away from its dependence on bulk manufacturing to the servicesector.
The transformation is just beginning to pay dividends. For instance, in the first half of this year,the service sector, which encompasses property, finance, telecommunications and tourism, sawfaster growth than the agricultural and industrial sectors.
The service sector edged up 1.3 percentage points from 2011-12 and grew 9.6 percent toaccount for 61.7 percent of the city's GDP as China accelerates its transformation into aservice-oriented and consumption-based economy.
However, such sweeping change has not managed to stem an overall decline in the city'seconomic growth. It missed the national GDP growth by 0.2 percentage point last year.
Trade also contracted for the first time in three years, with exports falling 1.4 percent year-on-year, according to data supplied by the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics.
From January to June, trade volume shrank 3.7 percent compared with the first six months of2011, with exports dropping 4.3 percent and imports falling 3.2 percent over the same period.
According to Michael McDonough, senior economist at Bloomberg LP, slower growth is almost a"necessity" as China moves away from its reliance on exports and shifts toward greaterdomestic consumption, with the private sector posited as a major growth engine.
But according to the latest data in 2011, household consumption would need to increase byalmost 1.5 percent to offset a 1 percent decline in China's gross capital, McDonough said.
Trade
"
I think Shanghai has been one of the slowest-growing cities in China for a while. The free tradezone will definitely boost its growth in the long run," he said.
Others hope the FTZ will catapult Shanghai to the forefront of global trade and cement itsstatus as a world-leading financial hub.
It will also help the city cut the costs of trade and improve efficiency, said Sun Lijian, aprofessor of economics at Fudan University.
"Goods in the zone may be landed, handled, manufactured or reconfigured and re-exportedwithout the intervention of customs authorities," he said.
Sun said such a tariff-free environment would foster offshore trade and offer tantalizing newopportunities to Chinese exporters keen to expand their production capabilities to other low-cost markets in the region. He added that such eased rules would also help them concentrateon the higher-value-added front and back ends of the manufacturing process.
In the coming years, Shanghai's financial reforms may support China's gradual transitiontoward consumption-led growth, said Dan Steinbock, research director of international businessat the India, China and America Institute in the US.
"In order to support the ordinary Chinese social model, the mainland needs more sophisticatedfinancial services. When people feel that their future is more secure, they will consume more,"he said.
Convertibility
On
a national level, the Shanghai FTZ could act as a trailblazer in terms of prodding othermarkets to open up as it helps improve China's economy. Policy makers have already signaledthat they hope to hasten the convertibility of the yuan over the next few years to boost its use intrade and support wider financial reforms.
Shanghai is not presently equipped to handle offshore trade or financial transactions like itsregional counterparts Hong Kong or Singapore, Sun said. Opening the door to foreign banks isconducive to jumpstarting an offshore yuan market in the free trade zone, he added.
As the free trade zone may lead to more experimentation with a fully convertible Chinesecurrency, the city will morph into an international financial hub faster than anticipated,Steinbock said.
Shanghai Mayor Yang Xiong has already told the city's legislators to work toward building asolid legal framework for the FTZ, as the reform measures will require about a dozen laws to bemodified.
He said initial research has shown there are more than 90 detailed reform measures ready tobe launched in the free trade zone, most of which will focus on innovation.
Xiamen, Tianjin and other coastal cities have submitted applications to set up FTZs, as haveprovinces including Jiangsu that neighbor Shanghai.
But Lu Bin, a professor with Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, expressed concernthat such pioneering reforms in Shanghai could dilute the competitiveness of cities in Jiangsuthat were recently granted favorable policies.
Cooperation
He
said that once the FTZ eases controls on how foreign exchange is managed, another pilotzone in Huaqiao, Kunshan in Jiangsu province that is run in cooperation with Singapore will"enjoy no comparative advantage."
Kunshan, which lies on the outskirts of Shanghai, could also be negatively affected as many ofthe foreign multinationals that now base their headquarters there will be tempted to relocate tothe new FTZ, he added.
But Jiang Hongkun, Party chief of Suzhou, sees more opportunities than challenges. "Just asSuzhou depended for its growth on the development of Pudong New Area, so the new FTZ willpresent us with more opportunities," he said.
Experts say the FTZ also represents a counter-challenge to other recent developments suchas the Trans-Pacific Partnership. This US-led initiative is widely seen as a move to curtailChina's growing influence on global trade.
Wei Jianguo, secretary-general of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, saidthe partnership could be seen as the first step toward establishing an Asia-Pacific Free TradeZone. As such, he said China could take the initiative in joining it to maximize the benefits forthe region as a whole.
The Shanghai FTZ could play an active role in such a mission, as its reform measures mayanswer certain partnership requirements pertaining to government subsidies and intellectualproperty, he added.
"Today, people like to say that Shanghai is about to become a ‘mini-Hong Kong.' But, over time,Hong Kong may look like a ‘mini-Shanghai,''' Steinbock said.
Contact the writers at hewei@chinadaily.com.cn and weitian@chinadaily.com.cn.
Timeline
Shanghai
FTZ
• 2005
Shanghai, Shenzhen and Tianjin all applied to the State Council to upgrade their respectivetariff-free zones to the status of a free trade zone.
• In November 2011
Shanghai announced during the 11th World Free Zone Convention that it would embark onbuilding an FTZ.
• In March 2013
During his visit to the Waigaoqiao bonded area, Premier Li Keqiang suggested that Shanghaishould study building a FTZ on the basis of existing bonded areas.
• May 14
The Shanghai FTZ was launched as a national-level project.
• June
A modified version of the plan was submitted to the related ministries for approval.
• July 3
A draft plan of the Shanghai FTZ was passed at an executive meeting of the State Council.
• Aug 16
An executive meeting of the State Council decided that certain domestic commercial laws andregulations would be suspended in the area to remove barriers to foreign investments.
• Aug 22
The Ministry of Commerce said the State Council had officially approved the establishment ofthe Shanghai FTZ.