By Wu Yiyao in Shanghai ( China Daily)
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Customers buy Christmas decorations at a store in Beijing. [Zhu Xingxin / China Daily]
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Department stores in China's big cities likely will face increasing pressure to be profitable in 2014 due tomounting consumer preference for other retail formats, rising rents and a shifting of growth to lower-tier cities,analysts and market insiders said.
A report by Fitch Ratings put China's department store outlook in 2014 as "negative" despitean anticipated mild acceleration in sales growth, as stiff competition and customers drawn toother sales channels will continue to challenge the sector's recovery.
2013 has been a challenging year for department store operators, with weaker-than-expectedrevenue growth compounded by higher operating expenses, which hurt earnings of mostoperators and pushed back deleveraging.
But department store operators have been actively repositioning themselves, redirecting theirexpansion to shopping mall formats, enhancing product mixes, reviewing store networks androlling out e-commerce platforms.
"In general, operators with less mature store networks, strong regional market positions andbigger exposure to lower-tier cities will likely fare better over the next 12 to 18 months," saidMichelle Leong, an analyst with Fitch Ratings.
Department stores' credit quality will continue to diverge over the next few years as rents riseand competition from Internet retailers and shopping malls increases, said Alan Gao, vice-president and senior analyst of Corporate Finance Group, Moody's Investors Service HongKong Ltd.
"Retailers that own a large percentage of their stores are better positioned to maintain theirprofitability, market share and funding access than those that lease their space. Furthermore,companies' expansion strategies and their ability to generate profits at new stores will alsoaffect their credit quality," Gao said in a research note.
He added that fast-growing Internet retailers and a shopping mall construction boom aredrawing traffic from department stores, particularly in large cities.
The total gross merchandise volume achieved by Tmall.com and Taobao Marketplace on Nov11, or "Double Eleven", the world's largest shopping festival, hit a daily record 35.01 billionyuan ($5.75 billion), which topped the 19.1 billion yuan record made Nov 11, 2012, and the 5.3billion yuan made Nov 11, 2011.
To stay competitive, department stores are shifting their focus to the mid- and high-end marketsegments, and increasing their service offerings and store sizes, according to Gao.
Alfred Zhou, general manager of GfK China, a market research agency, said department storescan thrive by offering a better shopping experience.
With convenience stores featuring handy services, and online shops advancing lower prices,department stores must excel in "on-site" feelings and "have it right now" values, said Zhou.
"If department stores remain as they are today, they may have a very low chance of survivingthe huge impact of other sales channels," he said.
"Changes must be made. Department stores need to have themes, move to become high-endand luxurious shopping spaces, and provide something that can't be found anywhere else,something people can't achieve by clicking a mouse or touching the screen of a smartphone,"Zhou added.
Zhang Chunjie, a 32-year-old Shanghai resident, said department stores with prestigiouslocations and high service qualities are still attractive.
"Shopping online may help people save money, but some transactions can only be completedin brick-and-mortar stores, and preferably a nice department store. You can have a late lunchin a restaurant, get your hair done, buy some books and do grocery shopping within the sameafternoon in the same department store, but you cannot do all these by shopping online," saidZhang.